Three-hit rule
The volleyball rule that a team may contact the ball at most three times before it must cross the net.
Overview
A team is allowed a maximum of three touches to play the ball back over the net, typically a dig to control it, a set to place it, and a spike to attack. Using a fourth touch is a fault and gives the point to the opponents.
No single player may hit the ball twice in a row, apart from certain block situations. A block touch is usually not counted as one of the three team contacts.
Key points
- A team has at most three contacts before returning the ball.
- A fourth touch is a fault and loses the rally.
- The same player may not hit the ball twice in succession, aside from a block.
- A touch off the block is generally not counted as one of the three.
Where it’s used
Sports that use three-hit rule:
Related rules
Out of bounds
The rule that a ball or player leaving the marked playing area is out of play and possession is decided at the boundary.
Volleyball rotation
The rule that players rotate one position clockwise each time their team wins back the serve.
Touching the net
A net-play rule that penalises a player for contacting the net during a rally in net-divided sports.
Explore across the knowledge base
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Officiating
- Penalty SignalA standardized hand or flag signal an official uses to announce a foul, penalty, or restart so players, teammates, and spectators can read the call.
- UmpireA match official who rules on lines, serves and dismissals in racket, bat-and-ball and net sports such as tennis, cricket and baseball — and, in racket sports, also keeps the running score.
- AdvantageIn many sports, officials let play continue after a foul when stopping would help the offender, so the fouled team keeps the advantage it has gained.
- Out-of-Bounds CallAn official's ruling that the ball or a player in possession has left the legal playing area, stopping play and handing a restart or possession to the opponent.
- Line JudgeA boundary-line official who calls whether the ball or player is in or out and flags foot faults, working under the head referee across many sports.
Positions
- SetterThe setter is volleyball’s playmaker, taking the team’s second contact and delivering accurate sets for hitters to attack.
- LiberoThe libero is a defensive volleyball specialist who wears a contrasting shirt, plays only in the back row, and cannot attack the ball above the height of the net.
- Outside hitterThe outside hitter attacks from the left side of the net and is often a volleyball team’s main scoring option.
- Middle blockerThe middle blocker plays in the centre of the net, leading the team’s blocking and attacking with fast, quick sets.
- OppositeThe opposite is a volleyball attacker who plays on the right side of the net, opposite the setter in the rotation, and is often a key scorer.
Learning paths
- Learn VolleyballA structured, educational learning path for volleyball — from the rules to skills, techniques, tactics and training.
- Learn TennisA structured, educational learning path for tennis — from the rules to skills, techniques, tactics and training.
- Learn PadelA structured, educational learning path for padel — from the rules to skills, techniques, tactics and training.
- Learn BadmintonA structured, educational learning path for badminton — from the rules to skills, techniques, tactics and training.
- Learn FootballA structured, educational learning path for football — from the rules to skills, techniques, tactics and training.
Techniques
- Volleyball SpikeA powerful attacking hit that drives the ball sharply downward over the net into the opponent's court, usually after an approach and jump.
- Volleyball DigA defensive contact that keeps a hard-driven ball in play by passing it up off the forearms, usually from a low position.
- VolleyA shot played near the net by blocking the ball out of the air before it bounces, using a short, firm punch rather than a full swing.
- Padel BandejaA controlled overhead shot in padel, hit with slice and moderate pace to keep the player at the net without over-committing.
- Topspin ForehandA forehand groundstroke hit with a low-to-high swing that puts forward spin on the ball so it dips and kicks up on landing.