Cadence
The rhythm of a repeated cyclic action, most often the number of steps per minute in running or pedal revolutions per minute in cycling.
Definition
Cadence is the frequency of a repeating movement, expressed as cycles per minute. It is one of the two levers, alongside stride or gear length, that together determine speed: a runner's pace is cadence multiplied by stride length, and a cyclist's speed is cadence multiplied by the distance covered per pedal stroke.
Because it is easy to measure, cadence is widely tracked in endurance sport, though there is no single correct number; efficient values depend on the athlete, the terrain and the event. Adjusting cadence changes how forces are applied and how long each ground contact or pedal stroke lasts.
Meaning by sport
This term is used differently across sports:
- Running
- The number of steps taken per minute counting both feet, a key running-form metric.
- Cycling
- Pedal revolutions per minute (rpm), reflecting how fast the cranks turn for a given gear.
- Swimming
- Stroke rate, the number of arm strokes taken per minute.
Where you’ll hear “cadence”
Sports that use this term:
Running
The most accessible endurance sport — no venue, just shoes and the open road or trail.
Cycling
A low-impact endurance sport that doubles as transport, exercise and adventure.
Swimming
A full-body, low-impact endurance sport suitable for almost every age and ability.
Explore across the knowledge base
Follow the threads that connect Cadence to the rest of SocialSportHub.
Skills
- PedallingThe skill of turning the pedals smoothly and at an efficient rhythm on a bike.
- Running formThe skill of running with efficient, relaxed and balanced movement.
- FootworkThe skill of moving efficiently around the playing area to be in position for each shot or action.
- SprintingThe skill of running or riding at maximum controlled speed over a short distance.
- PacingThe skill of managing effort and speed so it lasts the whole distance or event.
Techniques
- Cycling CadenceThe technique of pedalling at a smooth, steady rhythm and choosing a gear that keeps the legs turning efficiently.
- Running FormThe efficient posture and stride mechanics of distance running, keeping the body relaxed and the cadence smooth.
- Standing ClimbA cycling technique for climbing out of the saddle, standing on the pedals to add power on steep gradients.
- Inside-of-the-Foot PassThe most reliable short pass in football, played with the inside surface of the foot for accuracy over a short to medium distance.
- Topspin ForehandA forehand groundstroke hit with a low-to-high swing that puts forward spin on the ball so it dips and kicks up on landing.