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Physiology & energy

What determines reaction time?

How quickly athletes can perceive and respond — and how much of it can be trained.

EmergingEducational overview

Reaction time is the gap between a signal and the start of a response, and it shapes many fast sports.

It combines perception, decision and movement.

What we understand in general terms

  • Reaction time includes perceiving, deciding and then moving.
  • Anticipation and reading cues can shorten effective response time.
  • There are limits set by the nervous system.

Open questions

  • How much raw reaction time can be improved versus anticipation.
  • How training transfers to real game situations.

Evidence

Verified sources pending

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